نشریه تعلیم و تربیت استثنایی
سال بیستم شماره 160 (خرداد و تیر 1399)

One of the most common skeletal deformities in children with intellectual disability is kyphosis. Kyphosis decreases the range of shoulder joint motion. This study aims to compare of the effect of eight-weeks corrective playing in land and water on the curvature kyphosis and shoulder joint range of motion in boys with intellectually disability.

The present study was a quasi-experimental and applied research. Of the statistical population, 30  intellectually disabled children with the average age of 10/7 ± 1/4 years, height 141/7 ± 7/6 cm, weight 35/5 ± 4/8 kg and BMI 17/6 ± 0/7 were selected through purposeful and availability sampling and randomly divided into two groups, namely water and land groups. To measure the height, weight, kyphosis and the range of shoulder abduction stadiometer Seca, scales Seca, flexible ruler and the goniometer tools were used respectively. Participants practiced for 8 weeks, three days per week. Data were analyzed via SPSS 16. Leven test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, dependent and independent t-test were used todetermine the homogeneity, normal distribution and the, changes within and between groups respectively.

The results showed that corrective playing in land and water, significantly improves the angle of kyphosis and increases shoulder abduction range of motion.

The results indicate that because of the fun in corrective playing, we can use corrective playing to improve some skeletal abnormalities such as kyphosis and increased range of motion in children with intellectual disabilities.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is one of the most common behavioral disorders that severely damages a child’s interpersonal relationships with peers, friends, and family members. The family and the quality of its interrelationships, as the first and most enduring factor in the formation of the child’s personality and subsequent behaviors, is a determining factor in the development of mental health of the child in adulthood.The results of various studies in this field showed that ODD has many negative consequences for the family and children with such disorder that experience many problems in relationships with their parents and siblings. These children are exposed to problems such as family instability and parental adjustment problems, parental abuse, as well as lack of a warm and friendly atmosphere in sibling relationships. Therefore, there is a need for research on the quality of reciprocal relationships between family members and children with ODD and examine the different approaches to such relationships. For this purpose, the present study, reviews the characteristics of children with ODD, the quality of child-parent relationships, as well as the quality of sibling relationships in these families and proposes useful treatment strategies to improve these relationships.

The aim of this study was to design and test a model of job stress on psychological well-being mediated by job motivation in educators of Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) centers.

This study used a structural equation modeling in which the statistical population includes all the instructors working in SLD centers affiliated to the Special Needs Education Organization, during the academic year 1397-1398. A total of 1030 people participated in the study voluntarily by non-random sampling. The research instruments included a short form of Reef Psychological Welfare Questionnaire (1989), Orly and Girdano (1980) Job Stress Questionnaire, and Shuffle and Salanova (2001) Job Attention Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation method and AMOS software.

The results showed that job stress has a direct negative effect on instructors’ psychological well-being; in the same way as job motivation indirectly effects their psychological well-being (P <0.05) in SLD centers.

It can be concluded that job stress directly reduces the psychological well-being of educators in SLD centers and also indirectly, job stress modulates the psychological well-being of educators by increasing job motivation. Therefore, the results of this study can be applied in staff development programs at national and provincial levels as well as to identify the existing challenges to improve the psychological well-being of the instructors in SLD centers by taking an ecological approach into account.

Research findings indicate that parents of children with special needs may experience more stress in different contexts, which can affect family performance and lead to incompatibility and vulnerability. The present study aims to introduce a multifaceted and widely used model for assessing and explaining compatibility of families of children with special needs. This study employs a review design, systematically reviewing the subject in valid scientific databases to investigate the Double ABCX model, examine its components, and introduce its application. The Double ABCX model is a multifaceted model of explaining the level of stress and compatibility of families of children with special needs. By employing this model, specialists, educators, and experts can tailor interventions to improve family performance while optimally assessing compatibility of families of children with special needs.

Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental neurological disorder characterized by impairment in social and communication interactions and repetitive behaviors.  The increasing prevalence of this disorder has raised the need for research on its characteristics and treatment methods.  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of social stories using video modeling on communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorder.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test post-test design and control group. The statistical population included all the male students with autism spectrum disorder aged 7 to 14 years in Rasht in 1398. from among 20 eligible volunteers were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Data were collected using the Social Skills Profile Questionnaire of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (2007).
In This study, a researcher made executive protocol, which was a combination of social stories and video modeling was conducted online for 12 sessions for children with autism spectrum disorder in the experimental group.

Multivariate analysis of variance and t-test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that social stories with video modeling method are effective in improving communication skills (social participation component) (p< 0.05).

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that social story with video modeling is a good way to teach communication skills virtually and by the parents.

Although the problems and disabilities caused by autism spectrum disorders are constant companions to these individuals, timely treatment interventions can provide the necessary grounds for their empowerment., However, one thing that deserves attention is that  regular learning environments are not often designed to meet the needs and moods of children with autism spectrum disorder. Likewise, architects designing learning spaces for these people have insufficeint information about the sensory problems of these children. hence unable to design proper learning spaces for these people. Therefore, the current study aimed to review the related studies to provide solutions for designing appropriate learning spaces for children with autism spectrum disorder.Regarding the importance of adapting learning spaces for autistic children based on “Disability Protection Act” various suggestions have been offered by different studies. The present research shows that previous studies have emphasized on the following issues: 1) Simple and organized construction layout; 2) provision of both large and small spaces; 3) predictability 4) Child’s maximum control on environment; 5) communication of purpose; 6) way finding; 7) designing for social interaction. Regarding the restrictions in this area in Iran, it seems necessary to undertake actions for designing learning spaces specific to children with autism spectrum disorder.